{
 "about": "Readings on the Protocols for Business SIG reading map, grouped by area. Readings in the year's syllabus carry their theme.",
 "map": "https://npc.here.now/protocolvision/sessions/map/",
 "suggest": "https://github.com/protocolvision/sig-p4b/issues/new?template=reading-suggestion.yml",
 "readings": [
  {
   "title": "Abstract Machines of Systems Biology",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Cardelli_2005_-_Abstract_Machines_of_Systems_Biology.pdf",
   "cite": "Cardelli, 2005",
   "year": 2005,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "Activities and Classroom Demonstrations in Biological Physics",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Nelson_P_2018_-_Activities_and_Classroom_Demonstrations_in_Biological_Physics.pdf",
   "cite": "Nelson P, 2018",
   "year": 2018,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "Clearing up Mysteries",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Jaynes_1988_-_Clearing_up_Mysteries.pdf",
   "cite": "Jaynes, 1988",
   "year": 1988,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "Collective dynamics of 'small-world' networks",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Watts_1998_-_Collective_dynamics_of_%27small-world%27_networks.pdf",
   "cite": "Watts, 1998",
   "year": 1998,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "Games That Teach the Fundamentals of Computer Operation",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Engelbart_1960_-_Games_That_Teach_the_Fundamentals_of_Computer_Operation.pdf",
   "cite": "Engelbart, 1960",
   "year": 1960,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "Irreversibility and Heat Generation in the Computing Process",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Landauer_1961_-_Irreversibility_and_Heat_Generation_in_the_Computing_Process.pdf",
   "cite": "Landauer, 1961",
   "year": 1961,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "Neuromorphic Engineering, In Memory of Misha Mahowald",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Mead_2022_-_Neuromorphic_Engineering%2C_In_Memory_of_Misha_Mahowald.pdf",
   "cite": "Mead, 2022",
   "year": 2022,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "Notes on Present Status and Future Progress",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Jaynes_1991_-_Notes_on_Present_Status_and_Future_Progress.pdf",
   "cite": "Jaynes, 1991",
   "year": 1991,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "Quorum Sensing in Bacteria",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.165",
   "cite": "Miller & Bassler, 2001",
   "year": 2001,
   "area": "Biology and information",
   "syllabus_theme": "II. Natural coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Reverse Engineering of Biological Complexity",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1069981",
   "cite": "Csete & Doyle, Science, 2002",
   "year": 2002,
   "area": "Biology and information",
   "syllabus_theme": "II. Natural coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "review of Visual Complex Functions",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Trefethen_2013_-_review_of_Visual_Complex_Functions.pdf",
   "cite": "Trefethen, 2013",
   "year": 2013,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "Robustness in bacterial chemotaxis",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/16483",
   "cite": "Alon, Surette, Barkai & Leibler, Nature, 1999",
   "year": 1999,
   "area": "Biology and information",
   "syllabus_theme": "II. Natural coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Tacit Knowledge, Trust, and the Q of Sapphire",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Collins_2000_-_Tacit_Knowledge%2C_Trust%2C_and_the_Q_of_Sapphire.pdf",
   "cite": "Collins, 2000",
   "year": 2000,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "The physical nature of information",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Landauer_1996_-_The_physical_nature_of_information.pdf",
   "cite": "Landauer, 1996",
   "year": 1996,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Tyranny of the Clock",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Sutherland_2012_-_The_Tyranny_of_the_Clock.pdf",
   "cite": "Sutherland, 2012",
   "year": 2012,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Tyranny of the Clock (short)",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Sutherland_2012_-_The_Tyranny_of_the_Clock_%28short%29.pdf",
   "cite": "Sutherland, 2012",
   "year": 2012,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "Zig-Zag Path to Understanding",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Landauer_1994_-_Zig-Zag_Path_to_Understanding.pdf",
   "cite": "Landauer, 1994",
   "year": 1994,
   "area": "Biology and information"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Laboratory For Teaching Object-Oriented Thinking",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Beck_1989_-_A_Laboratory_For_Teaching_Object-Oriented_Thinking.pdf",
   "cite": "Beck, 1989",
   "year": 1989,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Personal Computer for Children of All Ages",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Kay_1972_-_A_Personal_Computer_for_Children_of_All_Ages.pdf",
   "cite": "Kay, 1972",
   "year": 1972,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Personal History of Modeless Text Editing and Cut-Copy-Paste",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Tesler_2012_-_A_Personal_History_of_Modeless_Text_Editing_and_Cut-Copy-Paste.pdf",
   "cite": "Tesler, 2012",
   "year": 2012,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Augmenting Human Intellect (typeset)",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Engelbart_1962_-_Augmenting_Human_Intellect_%28typeset%29.pdf",
   "cite": "Engelbart, 1962",
   "year": 1962,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Beyond Being There",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hollan_1992_-_Beyond_Being_There.pdf",
   "cite": "Hollan, 1992",
   "year": 1992,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Boxer, A Reconstructible Computational Medium",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/diSessa_1986_-_Boxer%2C_A_Reconstructible_Computational_Medium.pdf",
   "cite": "diSessa, 1986",
   "year": 1986,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Characterizing the Software Process: A Maturity Framework",
   "url": "https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/pdf/ADA182895.pdf",
   "cite": "Watts S. Humphrey, CMU/SEI-87-TR-11, 1987",
   "year": 1987,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Chronicle of the Death of a Laboratory",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Bardini_2002_-_Chronicle_of_the_Death_of_a_Laboratory.pdf",
   "cite": "Bardini, 2002",
   "year": 2002,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Collaborative Diffusion, Programming Antiobjects",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Repenning_2006_-_Collaborative_Diffusion%2C_Programming_Antiobjects.pdf",
   "cite": "Repenning, 2006",
   "year": 2006,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Conversation With and Through Computers",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Brennan_1990_-_Conversation_With_and_Through_Computers.pdf",
   "cite": "Brennan, 1990",
   "year": 1990,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Direct Manipulation Interfaces",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hutchins_1985_-_Direct_Manipulation_Interfaces.pdf",
   "cite": "Hutchins, 1985",
   "year": 1985,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Direct Manipulation, A Step Beyond Programming Languages",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Shneiderman_1983_-_Direct_Manipulation%2C_A_Step_Beyond_Programming_Languages.pdf",
   "cite": "Shneiderman, 1983",
   "year": 1983,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Experiences With The Alternate Reality Kit, An Example of the Tension Between Literalism and Magic",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Smith_R_1987_-_Experiences_With_The_Alternate_Reality_Kit%2C_An_Example_of_the_Tension_Between_Literalism_and_Magic.pdf",
   "cite": "Smith R, 1987",
   "year": 1987,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Grounding in Communication",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Clark_H_1991_-_Grounding_in_Communication.pdf",
   "cite": "Clark H, 1991",
   "year": 1991,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "How Bodies Matter",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Klemmer_2006_-_How_Bodies_Matter.pdf",
   "cite": "Klemmer, 2006",
   "year": 2006,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "How Do Committees Invent?",
   "url": "https://www.melconway.com/research/committees.html",
   "cite": "Melvin E. Conway, Datamation, 1968",
   "year": 1968,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Immutable Skills",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/immutable-skills",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Improving Our Ability to Improve",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Engelbart_2003_-_Improving_Our_Ability_to_Improve.pdf",
   "cite": "Engelbart, 2003",
   "year": 2003,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Inbox Zero versus Flow Laminar",
   "url": "https://ribbonfarm.com/2015/07/21/inbox-zero-versus-flow-laminar/",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Ribbonfarm, 2015",
   "year": 2015,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Interaction at Lincoln Laboratory in the 1960",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Buxton_2005_-_Interaction_at_Lincoln_Laboratory_in_the_1960.pdf",
   "cite": "Buxton, 2005",
   "year": 2005,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Interactive Information Processing, Retrieval, and Transfer",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Licklider_1968_-_Interactive_Information_Processing%2C_Retrieval%2C_and_Transfer.pdf",
   "cite": "Licklider, 1968",
   "year": 1968,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "J.C.R. Licklider's Vision for the IPTO",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Kita_2003_-_J.C.R._Licklider%27s_Vision_for_the_IPTO.pdf",
   "cite": "Kita, 2003",
   "year": 2003,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Man-Computer Symbiosis",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Licklider_1960_-_Man-Computer_Symbiosis.pdf",
   "cite": "Licklider, 1960",
   "year": 1960,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Licklider_1963_-_Members_and_Affiliates_of_the_Intergalactic_Computer_Network.pdf",
   "cite": "Licklider, 1963",
   "year": 1963,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Microelectronics and the Personal Computer",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Kay_1977_-_Microelectronics_and_the_Personal_Computer.pdf",
   "cite": "Kay, 1977",
   "year": 1977,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Narrascope 2020 talk",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Nelson_G_2020_-_Narrascope_2020_talk.pdf",
   "cite": "Nelson G, 2020",
   "year": 2020,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Natural Language, Semantic Analysis and Interactive Fiction",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Nelson_G_2006_-_Natural_Language%2C_Semantic_Analysis_and_Interactive_Fiction.pdf",
   "cite": "Nelson G, 2006",
   "year": 2006,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "No Silver Bullet",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Brooks_1986_-_No_Silver_Bullet.pdf",
   "cite": "Brooks, 1986",
   "year": 1986,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Noncommand User Interfaces",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Nielsen_1993_-_Noncommand_User_Interfaces.pdf",
   "cite": "Nielsen, 1993",
   "year": 1993,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Oral History (Laws)",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Fairbairn_2016_-_Oral_History_%28Laws%29.pdf",
   "cite": "Fairbairn, 2016",
   "year": 2016,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Oral History (McJones)",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Taylor_2008_-_Oral_History_%28McJones%29.pdf",
   "cite": "Taylor, 2008",
   "year": 2008,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Oral History (Spicer)",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Kay_2008_-_Oral_History_%28Spicer%29.pdf",
   "cite": "Kay, 2008",
   "year": 2008,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "OSI: The Internet That Wasn't",
   "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/osi-the-internet-that-wasnt",
   "cite": "Andrew L. Russell, IEEE Spectrum, 2013",
   "year": 2013,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Personal Computing",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Kay_1975_-_Personal_Computing.pdf",
   "cite": "Kay, 1975",
   "year": 1975,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Programming as Theory Building",
   "url": "https://cdn.chriskrycho.com/file/chriskrycho-com/resources/naur1985programming.pdf",
   "cite": "Peter Naur, Microprocessing and Microprogramming, vol. 15, no. 5, pp. 253–261, 1985",
   "year": 1985,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Programming with Agents",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Travers_1996_-_Programming_with_Agents.pdf",
   "cite": "Travers, 1996",
   "year": 1996,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Prompter, A Domain-Specific Language for Versu",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Nelson_G_2014_-_Prompter%2C_A_Domain-Specific_Language_for_Versu.pdf",
   "cite": "Nelson G, 2014",
   "year": 2014,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Reminiscences of the VLSI Revolution",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Conway_L_2012_-_Reminiscences_of_the_VLSI_Revolution.pdf",
   "cite": "Conway L, 2012",
   "year": 2012,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "STEPS proposal",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Kay_2006_-_STEPS_proposal.pdf",
   "cite": "Kay, 2006",
   "year": 2006,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Systems Software Research is Irrelevant",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Pike_2000_-_Systems_Software_Research_is_Irrelevant.pdf",
   "cite": "Pike, 2000",
   "year": 2000,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Technology and Courage",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Sutherland_1996_-_Technology_and_Courage.pdf",
   "cite": "Sutherland, 1996",
   "year": 1996,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Benefit of Hindsight in Turkle’s Life on the Screen",
   "url": "https://default.blog/p/the-benefit-of-hindsight-in-turkles",
   "cite": "Clinton Ignatov, default.blog, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Computer as Communication Device",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Licklider_1968_-_The_Computer_as_Communication_Device.pdf",
   "cite": "Licklider, 1968",
   "year": 1968,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Emperors Old Clothes",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hoare_1981_-_The_Emperors_Old_Clothes.pdf",
   "cite": "Hoare, 1981",
   "year": 1981,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Future of Computing, Logic or Biology",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Lamport_2003_-_The_Future_of_Computing%2C_Logic_or_Biology.pdf",
   "cite": "Lamport, 2003",
   "year": 2003,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Grounding Problem in Conversations With and Through Computers",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Brennan_1998_-_The_Grounding_Problem_in_Conversations_With_and_Through_Computers.pdf",
   "cite": "Brennan, 1998",
   "year": 1998,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Open Society and Its Media",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Miller_1994_-_The_Open_Society_and_Its_Media.pdf",
   "cite": "Miller, 1994",
   "year": 1994,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Xerox Star, a Retrospective",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Johnson_1989_-_The_Xerox_Star%2C_a_Retrospective.pdf",
   "cite": "Johnson, 1989",
   "year": 1989,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Tracing the Dynabook",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Maxwell_2006_-_Tracing_the_Dynabook.pdf",
   "cite": "Maxwell, 2006",
   "year": 2006,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Vannevar Bush and the Differential Analyzer",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Owens_1986_-_Vannevar_Bush_and_the_Differential_Analyzer.pdf",
   "cite": "Owens, 1986",
   "year": 1986,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Vision and Reality of Hypertext",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Mueller-Prove_2002_-_Vision_and_Reality_of_Hypertext.pdf",
   "cite": "Mueller-Prove, 2002",
   "year": 2002,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "What is a Dynabook",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Kay_2013_-_What_is_a_Dynabook.pdf",
   "cite": "Kay, 2013",
   "year": 2013,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Why programming is a good medium for expressing poorly understood and sloppily-formulated ideas",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Minsky_1967_-_Why_programming_is_a_good_medium_for_expressing_poorly_understood_and_sloppily-formulated_ideas.pdf",
   "cite": "Minsky, 1967",
   "year": 1967,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "Zooids, Building Blocks for Swarm User Interfaces",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Le_Goc_2016_-_Zooids%2C_Building_Blocks_for_Swarm_User_Interfaces.pdf",
   "cite": "Le Goc, 2016",
   "year": 2016,
   "area": "Computing and human augmentation"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Big Little Idea Called Legibility",
   "url": "https://www.ribbonfarm.com/2010/07/26/a-big-little-idea-called-legibility/",
   "cite": "Ribbonfarm, 26 Jul 2010",
   "year": 2010,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Annealing of Exuberance",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/annealing-of-exuberance",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Anti-Yuppies & Abundance",
   "url": "https://kneelingbus.substack.com/p/anti-yuppies-and-abundance",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Kneeling Bus, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Be Kind to Your Local NPCs",
   "url": "https://kneelingbus.substack.com/p/be-kind-to-your-local-npcs",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Kneeling Bus, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Body Politic Keeps The Score",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/body-politic-keeps-the-score",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Bots in the Beerlight",
   "url": "https://kneelingbus.substack.com/p/bots-in-the-beerlight",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Kneeling Bus, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Carnival Time, Hardness, and the Machines That Process Excess",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/carnival-time-hardness-and-the-machines",
   "cite": "22 Dec 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Chat, Is This Bloodsport?",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/chat-is-this-bloodsport",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Content Is the New Dirt",
   "url": "https://kneelingbus.substack.com/p/content-is-the-new-dirt",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Kneeling Bus, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Crying in the Casino",
   "url": "https://kneelingbus.substack.com/p/crying-in-the-casino",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Kneeling Bus, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Dead Forest Theory",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/dead-forest-theory",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Designing for the Pleasures of Disputation",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Wilson_D_2012_-_Designing_for_the_Pleasures_of_Disputation.pdf",
   "cite": "Wilson D, 2012",
   "year": 2012,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Devices For The Crafty",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/devices-for-the-crafty",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Don't Be Evil",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Turner_F_2017_-_Don%27t_Be_Evil.pdf",
   "cite": "Turner F, 2017",
   "year": 2017,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Geeks and Recursive Publics: How the Internet and Free Software Make Things Public",
   "url": "https://kelty.org/or/papers/unpublishable/Kelty.RecursivePublics-short.pdf",
   "cite": "Christopher M. Kelty, Author-hosted abridgement of Chapter 1 of Two Bits: The Cultural Significance of Free Software (Duke University Press), prepared for an unrealized volume on new theories of the public sphere, 2008",
   "year": 2008,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "General-Purpose Technologies as Annealing Agents",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/general-purpose-technologies-as-annealing",
   "cite": "9 Jan 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Good Death, part 2 of 2",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Good-Death-Sarah-Friend.pdf",
   "cite": "Sarah Friend, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Gramsci Theme Parks",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/gramsci-theme-parks",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Here Comes a Regular",
   "url": "https://kneelingbus.substack.com/p/here-comes-a-regular",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Kneeling Bus, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "How Not to Create Tigers",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Mermin_1999_-_How_Not_to_Create_Tigers.pdf",
   "cite": "Mermin, 1999",
   "year": 1999,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "How the World Forgot to End",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/how-the-world-forgot-to-end",
   "cite": "Timber, Blundercheck, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Interview (Playboy)",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/McLuhan_1969_-_Interview_%28Playboy%29.pdf",
   "cite": "McLuhan, 1969",
   "year": 1969,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Knowledge Chronotopes",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/knowledge-chronotopes",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Manufactured Present",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/manufactured-present",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Metabolizing Monsters",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/metabolizing-monsters",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Minimum Viable Soul",
   "url": "https://default.blog/p/minimum-viable-soul",
   "cite": "Katherine Dee, default.blog, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Our Eukaryotic Moment",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/our-eukaryotic-moment",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Outsider Trading",
   "url": "https://kneelingbus.substack.com/p/outsider-trading",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Kneeling Bus, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Prophetic Soft Technologies",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/prophetic-soft-technologies",
   "cite": "Sachin Benny, Summer Lightning, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Rat Information Portal",
   "url": "https://kneelingbus.substack.com/p/rat-information-portal",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Kneeling Bus, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Remembering Some Guys",
   "url": "https://kneelingbus.substack.com/p/remembering-some-guys",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Kneeling Bus, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Search, Discovery, Pills, and Portals",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/search-discovery-pills-and-portals",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Should “Technological History” Be a Part of Psych Intakes? (Yes.)",
   "url": "https://default.blog/p/should-technological-history-be-a",
   "cite": "Katherine Dee, default.blog, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Silence is a Commons",
   "url": "https://www.davidtinapple.com/illich/1983_silence_commons.html",
   "cite": "Ivan Illich, The CoEvolution Quarterly (Winter 1983); delivered as remarks at the Asahi Symposium \"Science and Man — The Computer-Managed Society,\" Tokyo, 21 March 1982, 1983",
   "year": 1983,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Situationgooning",
   "url": "https://kneelingbus.substack.com/p/situationgooning",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Kneeling Bus, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of St Brieuc Bay",
   "url": "http://users.uoa.gr/~mpatin/Historiography%20of%20Science/Callon-scallops.pdf",
   "cite": "Michel Callon, The Sociological Review (originally vol. 32, 1984, pp. 196–233); reprinted in John Law (ed.), Power, Action and Belief: A New Sociology of Knowledge (Routledge, 1986), 1984",
   "year": 1984,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "The arts at Facebook",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Turner_F_2018_-_The_arts_at_Facebook.pdf",
   "cite": "Turner F, 2018",
   "year": 2018,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Ductus of Protocol Fiction",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/the-ductus-of-protocol-fiction",
   "cite": "Spencer Nitkey, Protocolized, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Eternal Now",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Lapham_1994_-_The_Eternal_Now.pdf",
   "cite": "Lapham, 1994",
   "year": 1994,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Principles of Collective Animal Behaviour",
   "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1626537/",
   "cite": "Sumpter, 2006",
   "year": 2006,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Sex Organs of the Machine World",
   "url": "https://default.blog/p/the-sex-organs-of-the-machine-world",
   "cite": "Katherine Dee, default.blog, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Sexual Revolution of the Imagination",
   "url": "https://default.blog/p/the-sexual-revolution-of-the-imagination",
   "cite": "Katherine Dee, default.blog, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Two Memories",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/the-two-memories",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Tyranny of Structurelessness",
   "url": "https://www.jofreeman.com/joreen/tyranny.htm",
   "cite": "Jo Freeman (aka Joreen), The Second Wave, Vol. 2 No. 1 (1972); also Berkeley Journal of Sociology, Vol. 17 (1972-73); Ms. magazine (July 1973). Canonical text hosted at jofreeman.com, 1972",
   "year": 1972,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Thermal Memory",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/thermal-memory",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Touching Time",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/touching-time",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Treasure Hunting in Latent Space",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/shitty-maps-and-special-people",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Work-Hardened Archetypes",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/work-hardened-archetypes",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Culture, time and soft technologies"
  },
  {
   "title": "Adversarial Interoperability: Reviving an Elegant Weapon From a More Civilized Age to Slay Today's Monopolies",
   "url": "https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2019/06/adversarial-interoperability-reviving-elegant-weapon-more-civilized-age-slay",
   "cite": "Cory Doctorow, Deeplinks Blog, Electronic Frontier Foundation, 2019",
   "year": 2019,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Agent Payments Protocol (AP2)",
   "url": "https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/ai-machine-learning/announcing-agents-to-payments-ap2-protocol",
   "cite": "Google Cloud, 16 Sep 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance",
   "syllabus_theme": "V. Engineering hardness"
  },
  {
   "title": "Agentic Commerce Protocol",
   "url": "https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/stripe-openai-instant-checkout",
   "cite": "Stripe with OpenAI, 29 Sep 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Aggregation Theory",
   "url": "https://stratechery.com/2015/aggregation-theory/",
   "cite": "Thompson, 2015",
   "year": 2015,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "AI Kitcraft workshop, 21–22 Sep 2026",
   "url": "https://github.com/protocolvision/workshop-kitkraft/blob/main/workshop-dev/feedback/2026-09-evidence.md",
   "cite": "Blyg thread `workshop-kitcraft-2026`",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Announcing the Agent2Agent Protocol (A2A)",
   "url": "https://developers.googleblog.com/en/a2a-a-new-era-of-agent-interoperability/",
   "cite": "Google Developers Blog, 9 Apr 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Assessing the Impact of Planned Social Change",
   "url": "https://jmde.com/index.php/jmde_1/article/view/297",
   "cite": "Campbell, 1976",
   "year": 1976,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Beyond Markets and States: Polycentric Governance of Complex Economic Systems",
   "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/ostrom_lecture.pdf",
   "cite": "Ostrom, 2009",
   "year": 2009,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "But Who Will Guard the Guardians?",
   "url": "https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/hurwicz_lecture.pdf",
   "cite": "Leonid Hurwicz, Nobel Prize Lecture (Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel), delivered December 8, 2007; also published in American Economic Review 98, no. 3 (June 2008): 577-85, 2007",
   "year": 2007,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "California water rate data",
   "url": "https://npc.here.now/waterdatastrategy/",
   "cite": "Rafael Fernández with the California Data Collaborative",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Case Study: Ghosts in the System",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/case-study-ghosts-in-the-system",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Durable AI Adoption guide (v0.5)",
   "url": "https://ai.protocolized.dev",
   "cite": "SIG P4B / Protocol Institute, May 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Form 8-K: General Instructions",
   "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/form8-k.pdf",
   "cite": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance",
   "syllabus_theme": "III. Emissions"
  },
  {
   "title": "Goodhart's Law and Why Measurement is Hard",
   "url": "https://ribbonfarm.com/2016/06/09/goodharts-law-and-why-measurement-is-hard/",
   "cite": "David Manheim, Ribbonfarm, 2016",
   "year": 2016,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "In the Matter of Knight Capital Americas LLC (SEC order)",
   "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/admin/2013/34-70694.pdf",
   "cite": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2013",
   "year": 2013,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance",
   "syllabus_theme": "V. Engineering hardness"
  },
  {
   "title": "Job Market Signaling",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/1882010",
   "cite": "Spence, 1973",
   "year": 1973,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Learning from Schelling's Strategy of Conflict",
   "url": "https://home.uchicago.edu/~rmyerson/stratofc2010.pdf",
   "cite": "Roger B. Myerson, Journal of Economic Literature, 2009",
   "year": 2009,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Liquid Services and Runtime Procurement",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/liquid-services-and-runtime-procurement",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Lost in between Speed and Scale",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/lost-in-between-speed-and-scale",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Non-Contractual Relations in Business",
   "url": "https://masonlec.org/site/rte_uploads/files/Macaulay%20class%202%20background.pdf",
   "cite": "Stewart Macaulay, ASR 28(1), 1963",
   "year": 1963,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "On Consensus and Humming in the IETF (RFC 7282)",
   "url": "https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7282",
   "cite": "P. Resnick, June 2014",
   "year": 2014,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance",
   "syllabus_theme": "VI. Operational liveness"
  },
  {
   "title": "PDF Hell. Long-live the PDF.",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/pdf-hell-long-live-the-pdf",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Rudiments of Numeracy",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Ehrenberg_1977_-_Rudiments_of_Numeracy.pdf",
   "cite": "Ehrenberg, 1977",
   "year": 1977,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Standard Setting Committees: Consensus Governance for Shared Technology Platforms",
   "url": "https://people.bu.edu/tsimcoe/documents/published/SSOCommittees_v3.pdf",
   "cite": "Timothy Simcoe, American Economic Review 102(1): 305-36 (author's self-archived manuscript, Boston University School of Management / NBER), 2012",
   "year": 2012,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Blackboard Model of Problem Solving and the Evolution of Blackboard Architectures",
   "url": "https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/537",
   "cite": "Nii, 1986",
   "year": 1986,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Filing Cabinet",
   "url": "https://placesjournal.org/article/the-filing-cabinet-and-20th-century-information-infrastructure/",
   "cite": "Robertson, 2021",
   "year": 2021,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance",
   "syllabus_theme": "III. Emissions"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Nature of the Firm",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.1937.tb00002.x",
   "cite": "Coase, 1937",
   "year": 1937,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Problem with Perfect Rules",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/the-problem-with-perfect-rules",
   "cite": "Timber Stinson-Schroff, Blundercheck, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Reading Machine and the Inversion of the Standards Stack",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/the-reading-machine-and-the-inversion",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Vertical Integration of Production: Market Failure Considerations",
   "url": "https://competitionandappropriation.econ.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/95/2017/08/Williamson1971.pdf",
   "cite": "Oliver E. Williamson, The American Economic Review, Vol. 61, No. 2 (Papers and Proceedings of the Eighty-Third Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association), pp. 112-123, 1971",
   "year": 1971,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Understanding Simpson's Paradox",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Pearl_2014_-_Understanding_Simpson%27s_Paradox.pdf",
   "cite": "Pearl, 2014",
   "year": 2014,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "User-Generated Software is User-Generated Content",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/user-generated-software-is-user-generated",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "What is an Agent is not an Instrument",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/what-is-an-agent-is-not-an-instrument",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "Your AI Product Needs Evals",
   "url": "https://hamel.dev/blog/posts/evals/",
   "cite": "Husain, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "​​Protocol Review 7: Auctions",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/protocol-review-7-auctions",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Firms, measurement and governance"
  },
  {
   "title": "A History of Haskell, Being Lazy With Class",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hudak_2007_-_A_History_of_Haskell%2C_Being_Lazy_With_Class.pdf",
   "cite": "Hudak, 2007",
   "year": 2007,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "A New Approach to the Functional Design of a New Computer",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Barton_1961_-_A_New_Approach_to_the_Functional_Design_of_a_New_Computer.pdf",
   "cite": "Barton, 1961",
   "year": 1961,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Structural View of the Cedar Programming Environment",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Swineheart_1986_-_A_Structural_View_of_the_Cedar_Programming_Environment.pdf",
   "cite": "Swineheart, 1986",
   "year": 1986,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Universal Modular Actor Formalism for Artificial Intelligence",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hewitt_1973_-_A_Universal_Modular_Actor_Formalism_for_Artificial_Intelligence.pdf",
   "cite": "Hewitt, 1973",
   "year": 1973,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Abstraction in Technical Computing",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Bezanson_2015_-_Abstraction_in_Technical_Computing.pdf",
   "cite": "Bezanson, 2015",
   "year": 2015,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Alternative Programming Interfaces for Alternative Programmers",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Schachman_2012_-_Alternative_Programming_Interfaces_for_Alternative_Programmers.pdf",
   "cite": "Schachman, 2012",
   "year": 2012,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Building Robust Systems",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Sussman_2007_-_Building_Robust_Systems.pdf",
   "cite": "Sussman, 2007",
   "year": 2007,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Can Programming Be Liberated from the von Neumann Style",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Backus_1978_-_Can_Programming_Be_Liberated_from_the_von_Neumann_Style.pdf",
   "cite": "Backus, 1978",
   "year": 1978,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Contracts: Events",
   "url": "https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/contracts.html",
   "cite": "Solidity documentation",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages",
   "syllabus_theme": "III. Emissions"
  },
  {
   "title": "Conversational Access to a 2048-Word Machine",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Wilkes_1970_-_Conversational_Access_to_a_2048-Word_Machine.pdf",
   "cite": "Wilkes, 1970",
   "year": 1970,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Coordination Languages and their Significance",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Gelernter_1992_-_Coordination_Languages_and_their_Significance.pdf",
   "cite": "Gelernter, 1992",
   "year": 1992,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Croquet, A Collaboration System Architecture",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Smith_DA_2003_-_Croquet%2C_A_Collaboration_System_Architecture.pdf",
   "cite": "Smith DA, 2003",
   "year": 2003,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Dynamic Program Building",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Brown_1981_-_Dynamic_Program_Building.pdf",
   "cite": "Brown, 1981",
   "year": 1981,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Fabrik, A Visual Programming Environment",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Ingalls_1988_-_Fabrik%2C_A_Visual_Programming_Environment.pdf",
   "cite": "Ingalls, 1988",
   "year": 1988,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Genera Concepts",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Symbolics_1982_-_Genera_Concepts.pdf",
   "cite": "Symbolics, 1982",
   "year": 1982,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Graphical Editing by Example",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Kurlander_1993_-_Graphical_Editing_by_Example.pdf",
   "cite": "Kurlander, 1993",
   "year": 1993,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Heuretics, Theoretical and Experimental Study of Heuristic Rules",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Lenat_1982_-_Heuretics%2C_Theoretical_and_Experimental_Study_of_Heuristic_Rules.pdf",
   "cite": "Lenat, 1982",
   "year": 1982,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Inform 7, The Program",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Nelson_G_2008_-_Inform_7%2C_The_Program.pdf",
   "cite": "Nelson G, 2008",
   "year": 2008,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Korz Simple, Symmetric, Subjective, Context-Oriented Programming",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Ungar_2014_-_Korz_Simple%2C_Symmetric%2C_Subjective%2C_Context-Oriented_Programming.pdf",
   "cite": "Ungar, 2014",
   "year": 2014,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Linda in Context",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Carriero_1989_-_Linda_in_Context.pdf",
   "cite": "Carriero, 1989",
   "year": 1989,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Out of the Tar Pit",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Moseley_2006_-_Out_of_the_Tar_Pit.pdf",
   "cite": "Moseley, 2006",
   "year": 2006,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Playground, An Object Oriented Simulation System with Agent Rules for Children of All Ages",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Fenton_1989_-_Playground%2C_An_Object_Oriented_Simulation_System_with_Agent_Rules_for_Children_of_All_Ages.pdf",
   "cite": "Fenton, 1989",
   "year": 1989,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Programming and Programming Languages",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Kay_2010_-_Programming_and_Programming_Languages.pdf",
   "cite": "Kay, 2010",
   "year": 2010,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Project Oberon",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Wirth_2005_-_Project_Oberon.pdf",
   "cite": "Wirth, 2005",
   "year": 2005,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Propagation Networks",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Radul_2009_-_Propagation_Networks.pdf",
   "cite": "Radul, 2009",
   "year": 2009,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Recursive Interfaces for Reactive Objects",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Travers_1994_-_Recursive_Interfaces_for_Reactive_Objects.pdf",
   "cite": "Travers, 1994",
   "year": 1994,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Robust Composition",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Miller_2006_-_Robust_Composition.pdf",
   "cite": "Miller, 2006",
   "year": 2006,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Robust Design through Diversity",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Sussman_1999_-_Robust_Design_through_Diversity.pdf",
   "cite": "Sussman, 1999",
   "year": 1999,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Self (HOPL)",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Ungar_2007_-_Self_%28HOPL%29.pdf",
   "cite": "Ungar, 2007",
   "year": 2007,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "STEPS 2012 Progress and Final NSF Report",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Kay_2012_-_STEPS_2012_Progress_and_Final_NSF_Report.pdf",
   "cite": "Kay, 2012",
   "year": 2012,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Steps Toward Artificial Intelligence",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Minsky_1961_-_Steps_Toward_Artificial_Intelligence.pdf",
   "cite": "Minsky, 1961",
   "year": 1961,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Connection Machine",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hillis_1985_-_The_Connection_Machine.pdf",
   "cite": "Hillis, 1985",
   "year": 1985,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Education of a Computer",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hopper_1952_-_The_Education_of_a_Computer.pdf",
   "cite": "Hopper, 1952",
   "year": 1952,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Interrelation Between Programming Languages and Machine Organization",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Barton_1965_-_The_Interrelation_Between_Programming_Languages_and_Machine_Organization.pdf",
   "cite": "Barton, 1965",
   "year": 1965,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "The New Culture of Software Development",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Meyer_1989_-_The_New_Culture_of_Software_Development.pdf",
   "cite": "Meyer, 1989",
   "year": 1989,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Next 700 Programming Languages",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Landin_1966_-_The_Next_700_Programming_Languages.pdf",
   "cite": "Landin, 1966",
   "year": 1966,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "The operating system, should there be one",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Kell_2013_-_The_operating_system%2C_should_there_be_one.pdf",
   "cite": "Kell, 2013",
   "year": 2013,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Programming Language Aspects of ThingLab",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Borning_1981_-_The_Programming_Language_Aspects_of_ThingLab.pdf",
   "cite": "Borning, 1981",
   "year": 1981,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Smalltalk-76 Programming System",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Ingalls_1978_-_The_Smalltalk-76_Programming_System.pdf",
   "cite": "Ingalls, 1978",
   "year": 1978,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Structure of a Programming Language Revolution",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Gabriel_2012_-_The_Structure_of_a_Programming_Language_Revolution.pdf",
   "cite": "Gabriel, 2012",
   "year": 2012,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Structure of Cedar",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Swinehart_1985_-_The_Structure_of_Cedar.pdf",
   "cite": "Swinehart, 1985",
   "year": 1985,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Tools for the New Culture",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Meyer_1990_-_Tools_for_the_New_Culture.pdf",
   "cite": "Meyer, 1990",
   "year": 1990,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Venture, a higher-order probabilistic programming platform with programmable inference",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Mansinghka_2014_-_Venture%2C_a_higher-order_probabilistic_programming_platform_with_programmable_inference.pdf",
   "cite": "Mansinghka, 2014",
   "year": 2014,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Why AM and Eurisko Appear to Work",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Lenat_1983_-_Why_AM_and_Eurisko_Appear_to_Work.pdf",
   "cite": "Lenat, 1983",
   "year": 1983,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "Why Functional Programming Matters",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hughes_1990_-_Why_Functional_Programming_Matters.pdf",
   "cite": "Hughes, 1990",
   "year": 1990,
   "area": "Programming and coordination languages"
  },
  {
   "title": "[INTERNAL DRAFT] Protocol-First Operations Management",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/internal-draft-protocol-first-operations",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Phenomenology of Protocols",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/research/a-phenomenology-of-protocols",
   "cite": "Janna Tay, Summer of Protocols",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Protocol Pattern Language for Urban Space [serialized], part 1 of 7",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/54-AUSTIN-00-2023-12-13.pdf",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Summer of Protocols, 2023",
   "year": 2023,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Protocol Pattern Language for Urban Space [serialized], part 2 of 7",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Protocol-Pattern-Language-2-Drew-Austin.pdf",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Protocol Pattern Language for Urban Space [serialized], part 3 of 7",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/54-AUSTIN-5-6.pdf",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Protocol Pattern Language for Urban Space [serialized], part 4 of 7",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/54-AUSTIN-7-8.pdf",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Protocol Pattern Language for Urban Space [serialized], part 6 of 7",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/54-AUSTIN-09-10-for-web.pdf",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Protocol Pattern Language for Urban Space [serialized], part 7 of 7",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/54-AUSTIN-11-12-for-web.pdf",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Addressable Space Appendix [serialized], part 6 of 6",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/55-e75-HART-M5-AP7-8-for-web.pdf",
   "cite": "Chenoe Hart, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "After the Swarm: We are Blooming",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/bloom",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Agent-Shaped Problems",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/agent-shaped-problems",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Atoms, Institutions, Blockchains",
   "url": "https://paragraph.com/@josh-stark/atoms-institutions-blockchains",
   "cite": "Josh Stark, 2022 (Summer of Protocols edition, 2023)",
   "year": 2022,
   "area": "Protocols and agents",
   "already_read": true
  },
  {
   "title": "Birdwatch: Crowd Wisdom and Bridging Algorithms can Inform Understanding and Reduce the Spread of Misinformation",
   "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.15723",
   "cite": "Wojcik et al., 2022",
   "year": 2022,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Blockchain networks as constitutional and competitive polycentric orders",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1017/S174413742100093X",
   "cite": "Alston, Law, Murtazashvili, Weiss. J. of Institutional Economics 18(5), 2022",
   "year": 2022,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Brackish Strategy",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/brackish-strategy",
   "cite": "Timber Stinson-Schroff / Protocolized, 6 Aug 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Can Permissionless Blockchains Avoid Governance and the Law?",
   "url": "https://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlsjet/vol2/iss1/1/",
   "cite": "Alston, Law, Murtazashvili, Weiss. Notre Dame J. on Emerging Tech 2(1), 2021",
   "year": 2021,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "CEO Memorandum: A Summary of NPC Inc. \"Management Theory\"",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/ceo-memorandum-a-summary-of-npc-inc",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Challenges: Trivial, Grand, and Whitehead",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/challenges-trivial-grand-and-whitehead",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Protocolized, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Constitutions and Blockchains: Competitive Governance of Fundamental Rule Sets",
   "url": "https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jolti/vol11/iss1/6/",
   "cite": "Case Western J. of Law, Tech & the Internet 11(1), 2020",
   "year": 2020,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Dangerous Protocols",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/research/dangerous-protocols",
   "cite": "Nadia Asparouhova / SoP, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Dangerous Protocols, part 1 of 2",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Dangerous-Protocols-Nadia-Asparouhova.pdf",
   "cite": "Nadia Asparouhova, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Eisenstein’s Spine and Technology Stabilization",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/eisensteins-spine-and-technology",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Exit to Protocol",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/research/exit-to-protocol",
   "cite": "Shuya Gong / SoP",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Exit to Protocol, part 1 of 2",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Exit-to-Protocol-Shuya-Gong.pdf",
   "cite": "Shuya Gong, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Finding Fault Lines within the Firm",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/finding-fault-lines-within-the-firm",
   "cite": "Rafael Fernández / Protocolized, 11 Jan 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Governance as Conflict",
   "url": "https://blog.block.science/an-introduction-to-governance-as-conflict-constitution-of-shared-values-defining-future-margins-of-disagreement/",
   "cite": "Eric Alston. MIT Computational Law Report, 2022",
   "year": 2022,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "How the Protocol Institute is Adopting AI",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/how-the-protocol-institute-is-adopting",
   "cite": "Timber, Protocolized, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "How to Protocol Watch",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/how-to-protocol-watch",
   "cite": "Timber Stinson-Schroff / Protocolized, 31 Dec 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "In Search of Hardness",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/in-search-of-hardness",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao / Contraptions, 16 Dec 2023",
   "year": 2023,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Intro to the Protocol Reader",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/intro-to-the-protocol-reader",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao / SoP, 25 Nov 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Introducing the Model Context Protocol",
   "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/model-context-protocol",
   "cite": "Anthropic, 25 Nov 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Introducing the Protocol Institute",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/introducing-the-protocol-institute",
   "cite": "Timber Stinson-Schroff / Protocolized, 27 Apr 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Jamverse Jam",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/jamverse-jam",
   "cite": "Protocolized, Protocolized, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Killswitch Protocols, or On Engineering Recursive System Death",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/uncategorized/killswitch-protocols",
   "cite": "Alston, Killian, David / SoP, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Legal and Technological Normativity: more (and less) than twin sisters",
   "url": "https://scholar.lib.vt.edu/ejournals/SPT/v12n3/pdf/hildebrandt.pdf",
   "cite": "Mireille Hildebrandt, Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology, vol. 12, no. 3 (Fall 2008), pp. 169–183, 2008",
   "year": 2008,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Managing the Water, Not the Ship",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/managing-the-water-not-the-ship",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Mechanical Currents",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/mechanical-currents",
   "cite": "Timber Stinson-Schroff / Protocolized, 9 Sep 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Model Context Protocol Specification",
   "url": "https://modelcontextprotocol.io/specification/latest",
   "cite": "modelcontextprotocol.io, 2024–",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents",
   "syllabus_theme": "I. What agents are, in practice"
  },
  {
   "title": "Nature's many attempts to evolve a Nostr",
   "url": "https://newsletter.squishy.computer/p/natures-many-attempts-to-evolve-a",
   "cite": "Gordon Brander, Squishy Computer, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "New Time Machines, part 1 of 6",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/New-Time-Machine-Rangers-Starproject-Cover.pdf",
   "cite": "Aaron Lewis, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Norms, institutions, and digital veils of uncertainty: Do network protocols need trust anyway?",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12628",
   "cite": "Eric Alston. Regulation & Governance, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "One Tension to Rule Them All (Issue #2: Beyond Trade-Offs)",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/one-tension-to-rule-them-all",
   "cite": "Timber Stinson-Schroff / Protocolized, 14 Feb 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Protocol Bicorder",
   "url": "https://bicorder.ecologies.info/.",
   "cite": "Nathan Schneider, CU Boulder MEDLab",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Protocol Field Guide v1.1",
   "url": "https://docs.google.com/document/d/111EDpTAN-HJCwqMwQlGHojEA5b2A3Awg333HtJybjJg/edit",
   "cite": "SoP community, June 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Protocol Institute brand kit",
   "url": "https://npc.here.now/protocolinstitutebrandkit/",
   "cite": "",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Protocol Reader",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/research/protocol-reader",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Summer of Protocols",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Protocol Review 6: Public-Key Cryptography",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/protocol-review-6-public-key-cryptography",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Protocol Symposium 2026 Registration Open",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/protocol-symposium-2026-registration",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Protocolized, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Protocols Don't Build Pyramids",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/research/protocols-dont-build-pyramids",
   "cite": "Drew Austin, Summer of Protocols",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Reconceptualizing Organizational Routines as a Source of Flexibility and Change",
   "url": "https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6rb6f923",
   "cite": "Feldman & Pentland, ASQ 48(1), 2003",
   "year": 2003,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Safe New World, part 2 of 3",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/10-e36-SCHROFF-2-PAGER.pdf",
   "cite": "Timber Schroff, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Securing Stigmergic Systems",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/securing-stigmergic-systems",
   "cite": "Patrick Nast, Protocolized, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Security incident disclosure — July 2026",
   "url": "https://huggingface.co/blog/security-incident-july-2026",
   "cite": "Hugging Face, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "SIGP4B Update 4: Drift Stacking",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/sigp4b-update-4-drift-stacking",
   "cite": "Timber Stinson-Schroff / Protocolized, 11 Oct 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "SoP 2025: Accelerating Order",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/sop-2025-accelerating-order",
   "cite": "Protocolized, Rao, Beiko, Stinson-Schroff, 14 Mar 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Standards Make the World",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/research/standards-make-the-world",
   "cite": "David Lang / SoP, Dec 2023",
   "year": 2023,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Stigmergy as a generic mechanism for coordination",
   "url": "https://scispace.com/pdf/stigmergy-as-a-generic-mechanism-for-coordination-definition-1pga56yrns.pdf",
   "cite": "Francis Heylighen, ECCO WP 2011-12",
   "year": 2011,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Ethnography of Infrastructure",
   "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00027649921955326",
   "cite": "Susan Leigh Star, American Behavioral Scientist 43(3), 1999",
   "year": 1999,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Hugging Face incident and the road ahead",
   "url": "https://openai.com/index/hugging-face-incident-and-the-road-ahead/",
   "cite": "OpenAI, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents",
   "syllabus_theme": "I. What agents are, in practice"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Kafka Index",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Kafka-Index-Nadia-Asparouhova-1.pdf",
   "cite": "Nadia Asparouhova / SoP, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Protocol System Experience",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/research/the-protocol-system-experience",
   "cite": "Angela Walch, Summer of Protocols",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Swarm and the Formation",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/research/the-swarm-and-the-formation",
   "cite": "Rafael Fernández, Summer of Protocols",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Swarm and the Formation, part 1 of 4",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/17-e43-FERNANDEZ.pdf",
   "cite": "Rafael Fernández, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Swarm and the Formation, part 4 of 4",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/FERNANDEZ-Flow-speculative-brochure.pdf",
   "cite": "Rafael Fernández, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Tupperware Analogy",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/the-tupperware-analogy",
   "cite": "Timber, Blundercheck, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Unreasonable Sufficiency of Protocols",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/the-unreasonable-sufficiency-of-protocols-web",
   "cite": "Rao, Beiko, Ryan, Stark, Van Epps, Aue / SoP, web edition Mar 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Theorizing Protocolization I: New Nature",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/theorizing-protocolization-i-new",
   "cite": "Rao and Patrick Nast / Protocolized, 8 Jan 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Unprotocolized Knowledge",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/research/module-four/unprotocolized-knowledge",
   "cite": "Kara Kittel & Toby Shorin, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Welcome to the Swarm",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/welcome-to-the-swarm",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "What Constitutes a Constitution?",
   "url": "https://blog.block.science/what-constitutes-a-constitution/",
   "cite": "Zargham, Alston, Nabben, Ben-Meir. BlockScience, 6 Apr 2023",
   "year": 2023,
   "area": "Protocols and agents"
  },
  {
   "title": "14 CFR 121.542, flight crewmember duties (the \"sterile cockpit\" rule)",
   "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-G/part-121/subpart-T/section-121.542",
   "cite": "FAA, 1981, amended 2014",
   "year": 1981,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "14 CFR Part 5, Safety Management Systems",
   "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/chapter-I/subchapter-A/part-5",
   "cite": "FAA, 2015, expanded 2024",
   "year": 2015,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight",
   "syllabus_theme": "VI. Operational liveness"
  },
  {
   "title": "Aviation Safety Reporting System: program summary",
   "url": "https://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/overview/summary.html",
   "cite": "NASA Ames for the FAA; established April 1976",
   "year": 1976,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight",
   "syllabus_theme": "III. Emissions"
  },
  {
   "title": "Columbia Accident Investigation Board Report, Volume One",
   "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20030093634",
   "cite": "Columbia Accident Investigation Board, 2003",
   "year": 2003,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight",
   "syllabus_theme": "IV. Seeing hardness in incidents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Coordinate Leadership",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/coordinate-leadership",
   "cite": "Timber Stinson-Schroff, Blundercheck, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "Deming's 14 Points",
   "url": "https://deming.org/explore/fourteen-points/",
   "cite": "The W. Edwards Deming Institute",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "DOE-HDBK-1028-2009, Human Performance Improvement Handbook, Vol. 1",
   "url": "https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2026-04/doe-hdbk-1028-2009_volume1_0.pdf",
   "cite": "US Department of Energy, June 2009",
   "year": 2009,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "Final Report on the accident on 1st June 2009 to the Airbus A330-203, flight AF 447",
   "url": "https://bea.aero/fileadmin/documents/docspa/2009/f-cp090601.en/pdf/f-cp090601.en.pdf",
   "cite": "BEA, 2012",
   "year": 2012,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight",
   "syllabus_theme": "IV. Seeing hardness in incidents"
  },
  {
   "title": "How Complex Systems Fail",
   "url": "https://how.complexsystems.fail/",
   "cite": "Richard I. Cook, 1998",
   "year": 1998,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "Infrastructure of Firm Control",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/infrastructure-of-firm-control",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "INPO: Our History",
   "url": "https://www.inpo.info/history",
   "cite": "Institute of Nuclear Power Operations",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "INSAG-4, Safety Culture",
   "url": "https://www-pub.iaea.org/MTCD/publications/PDF/Pub882_web.pdf",
   "cite": "IAEA, 1991",
   "year": 1991,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "Normal Accidents: Living with High Risk Technologies",
   "url": "https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691004129/normal-accidents",
   "cite": "Charles Perrow; Princeton UP, 1984, updated edition 1999",
   "year": 1984,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "Organization Design: An Information Processing View",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1287/inte.4.3.28",
   "cite": "Galbraith, 1974",
   "year": 1974,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "Out Front on Airline Safety: Two Decades of Continuous Evolution",
   "url": "https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/out-front-airline-safety-two-decades-continuous-evolution",
   "cite": "FAA Newsroom, 2 Aug 2018",
   "year": 2018,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "Postmortem Culture: Learning from Failure",
   "url": "https://sre.google/sre-book/postmortem-culture/",
   "cite": "Google SRE book, ch. 15",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight",
   "syllabus_theme": "IV. Seeing hardness in incidents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Report of the President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island (Kemeny Report)",
   "url": "http://www.pddoc.com/tmi2/kemeny/attitudes_and_practices.htm",
   "cite": "October 1979, \"Attitudes and Practices\"",
   "year": 1979,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight",
   "syllabus_theme": "IV. Seeing hardness in incidents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Resource Management on the Flight Deck (NASA CP-2120)",
   "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800013796",
   "cite": "Cooper, White & Lauber, eds., 1980",
   "year": 1980,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "Safe New World",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/safe-new-world-web",
   "cite": "SoP Module Three, web 8 Aug 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "Safe New World, part 1 of 3",
   "url": "https://summerofprotocols.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Safe-New-World-Timber-Stinson-Schroff.pdf",
   "cite": "Timber Schroff, Summer of Protocols, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Self-Designing High-Reliability Organization: Aircraft Carrier Flight Operations at Sea",
   "url": "https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol40/iss4/7/",
   "cite": "Rochlin, La Porte & Roberts, *Naval War College Review* 40(4), 1987",
   "year": 1987,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Tragedy-Fueled Step Function",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/the-tragedy-fueled-step-function",
   "cite": "Blundercheck, 8 Jun 2023",
   "year": 2023,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "Toyota Production System",
   "url": "https://global.toyota/en/company/vision-and-philosophy/production-system/",
   "cite": "Toyota Motor Corporation",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight",
   "syllabus_theme": "VI. Operational liveness"
  },
  {
   "title": "WHO Surgical Safety Checklist, with Haynes et al., NEJM 2009",
   "url": "https://www.who.int/teams/integrated-health-services/patient-safety/research/safe-surgery/tool-and-resources",
   "cite": "WHO: https://www.who.int/teams/integrated-health-services/patient-safety/research/safe-surgery/tool-and-resources",
   "year": null,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight",
   "syllabus_theme": "V. Engineering hardness"
  },
  {
   "title": "Working in Practice but Not in Theory: Theoretical Challenges of \"High-Reliability Organizations\"",
   "url": "https://polisci.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/people/u3825/LaPorte-WorkinginPracticebutNotinTheory.pdf",
   "cite": "La Porte & Consolini, *J-PART* 1(1), 1991",
   "year": 1991,
   "area": "Safety, reporting and oversight"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Camera, Not an Engine II",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/a-camera-not-an-engine-ii",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Jury of Mirrors",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/a-jury-of-mirrors",
   "cite": "Timber, Blundercheck, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "A New Composite Sovereign: The Model (LLM) Against the Historical Archetypes of Authority",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/a-new-composite-sovereign-the-model",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Tale of Two Theories (of Coordination)",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/a-tale-of-two-theories-of-coordination",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Agents are actors",
   "url": "https://newsletter.squishy.computer/p/agents-are-actors",
   "cite": "Gordon Brander, Squishy Computer, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Archimedes' Curse",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/archimedes-curse-indirection-as-a",
   "cite": "Timber, Blundercheck, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Beyond Leverage",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/beyond-leverage",
   "cite": "Timber, Blundercheck, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Beyond Szabo Scaling",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/beyond-szabo-scaling",
   "cite": "Contraptions, 11 Sep 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Can the (Social) Oobleck Dance?",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/can-the-social-oobleck-dance",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Cascade of Singularities",
   "url": "https://default.blog/p/cascade-of-singularities",
   "cite": "Andrey Mir, default.blog, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Cognitive Ergonomics",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/cognitive-ergonomics",
   "cite": "Timber, Blundercheck, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Cognitive Farmsteading",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/cognitive-farmsteading",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Computational Kindness",
   "url": "https://neilkakkar.com/computational-kindness.html",
   "cite": "Neil Kakkar, neilkakkar.com (personal blog), 2019",
   "year": 2019,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Coordination Headwinds",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/coordination-headwinds",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2021",
   "year": 2021,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Death of the Owner's Manual",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/liquid-content",
   "cite": "Blundercheck, 6 Aug 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Designing Freedom",
   "url": "https://systemsorienteddesign.net/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Designing-Freedom_Staford-Beer.pdf",
   "cite": "Beer, 1973",
   "year": 1973,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Durable AI Adoption",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/durable-ai-adoption",
   "cite": "Sachin Benny and Rafael Fernández / Protocolized, 25 Jun 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "EA Safety",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/ea-safety",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Ethical AI Monogamy…?",
   "url": "https://default.blog/p/ethical-ai-monogamy",
   "cite": "Katherine Dee, default.blog, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Everyone Is On Something",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/everyone-is-on-something",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Human Cumulative Cultural Evolution as a Form of Distributed Computation",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Smaldino_2013_-_Human_Cumulative_Cultural_Evolution_as_a_Form_of_Distributed_Computation.pdf",
   "cite": "Smaldino, 2013",
   "year": 2013,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Humanism without (All) Humans",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/humanism-without-all-humans",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "I Have No Words and I Must Design",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Costikyan_2002_-_I_Have_No_Words_and_I_Must_Design.pdf",
   "cite": "Costikyan, 2002",
   "year": 2002,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Ironies of Automation",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(83)90046-8",
   "cite": "Bainbridge, 1983",
   "year": 1983,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination",
   "syllabus_theme": "I. What agents are, in practice"
  },
  {
   "title": "Leverage Points: Places to Intervene in a System",
   "url": "https://donellameadows.org/archives/leverage-points-places-to-intervene-in-a-system/",
   "cite": "Donella H. Meadows, Whole Earth (Winter 1997) as 'Places to Intervene in a System'; revised version published by the Sustainability Institute, 1999; archived by the Donella Meadows Project / Academy for Systems Change, 1999",
   "year": 1999,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "LLMs Pre-Commodify Ideas",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/llms-pre-commodify-ideas",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Maintaining Everything That Matters",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/maintaining-everything-that-matters",
   "cite": "Matthew McDowell-Sweet, Protocolized, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Massed Muddler Intelligence",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/massed-muddler-intelligence",
   "cite": "Contraptions, 11 Feb 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Mesolomania",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/mesolomania",
   "cite": "Timber, Blundercheck, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Methods, Madness, Monsters and Magic in New Nature",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/methods-madness-monsters-and-magic",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Protocolized, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Miscellanea + Housekeeping Notes",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/miscellanea-housekeeping-notes",
   "cite": "Timber, Blundercheck, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Pace Layering: How Complex Systems Learn and Keep Learning",
   "url": "https://longnow.org/ideas/pace-layers/",
   "cite": "Stewart Brand, Originally a chapter in The Clock of the Long Now: Time and Responsibility (Basic Books, 1999); republished in Journal of Design and Science (MIT Press, January 17, 2018); archived on Long Now Foundation Ideas, 1999",
   "year": 1999,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Patterns and problems in multiagent systems",
   "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/research/multiagent-systems",
   "cite": "Anthropic, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination",
   "syllabus_theme": "I. What agents are, in practice"
  },
  {
   "title": "Phreaks, Packets and Prompts",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/phreaks-packets-and-prompts",
   "cite": "Sachin, Summer Lightning, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Pond brains and GPT-4",
   "url": "https://newsletter.squishy.computer/p/pond-brains-and-gpt-4",
   "cite": "Gordon Brander, Squishy Computer, 2023",
   "year": 2023,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Reengineering Work: Don't Automate, Obliterate",
   "url": "https://hbr.org/1990/07/reengineering-work-dont-automate-obliterate",
   "cite": "Hammer, 1990",
   "year": 1990,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination",
   "syllabus_theme": "VI. Operational liveness"
  },
  {
   "title": "Software Acceleration and Desynchronization",
   "url": "https://ferd.ca/software-acceleration-and-desynchronization.html",
   "cite": "Fred Hébert (mononcqc), ferd.ca — \"My bad opinions\", 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Stop Treating Your Problems with Insecticide",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/stop-treating-your-problems-with",
   "cite": "Timber, Blundercheck, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Substack note on p(doom) and real risk management",
   "url": "https://substack.com/@contraptions/note/c-333747644",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 10 Sep 2026 (public Substack note)",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Substrate-Mediated Convergence and the Loss of Epistemic Self-Correction",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/substrate-mediated-convergence-and",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Systems Thinking is Brain Rot for Analysts",
   "url": "https://blundercheck.timberschroff.com/p/systems-thinking-is-brain-rot-for",
   "cite": "Timber, Blundercheck, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Tag Yourself: NPCs, Punks, Sheep, and Schizos",
   "url": "https://npcmemo.substack.com/p/tag-yourself-npcs-punks-sheep-and",
   "cite": "rafa, NPC Inc., 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Accelerationist Case for Frontier Pacing",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/the-accelerationist-case-for-frontier",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Crooked Timber of AI",
   "url": "https://protocolized.summerofprotocols.com/p/the-crooked-timber-of-ai",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Protocolized, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Curiously Playable Universe",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/the-curiously-playable-universe",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "The need for basic research in industry",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Goldman_1975_-_The_need_for_basic_research_in_industry.pdf",
   "cite": "Goldman, 1975",
   "year": 1975,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Use of Knowledge in Society",
   "url": "https://www.econlib.org/library/Essays/hykKnw.html",
   "cite": "Hayek, 1945",
   "year": 1945,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Toward a Critical Technical Practice: Lessons Learned in Trying to Reform AI",
   "url": "https://pages.gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/agre/critical.html",
   "cite": "Philip E. Agre, Chapter in Geof Bowker, Les Gasser, Leigh Star, and Bill Turner (eds), Bridging the Great Divide: Social Science, Technical Systems, and Cooperative Work, Lawrence Erlbaum, 1997",
   "year": 1997,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Voice of the Turtle",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Lenat_2008_-_Voice_of_the_Turtle.pdf",
   "cite": "Lenat, 2008",
   "year": 2008,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Walter Mitty Effects in AI Incident Analyses",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/walter-mitty-effects-in-ai-incident",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "We Just Have to Set Up the Planetary Dev Environment",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/we-just-have-to-set-up-the-planetary",
   "cite": "Contraptions, 22 Dec 2023",
   "year": 2023,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "Why Does AI Development Look Like 1980s Software Planning?",
   "url": "https://summerlightning.substack.com/p/why-does-ai-development-look-like",
   "cite": "Sachin Benny, Summer Lightning, 2025",
   "year": 2025,
   "area": "Scaling, automation and coordination"
  },
  {
   "title": "A City is Not a Tree",
   "url": "https://blogs.ischool.berkeley.edu/i103su12/files/2011/07/1965-City-is-not-a-Tree-Alexander.pdf",
   "cite": "Christopher Alexander, Architectural Forum, Vol 122, Nos 1–2 (Part I April 1965, pp 58–62; Part II May 1965, pp 58–62). Reprinted in Design (1966), Ekistics (1967), Bell & Tyrwhitt eds. Human Identity in the Urban Environment (Penguin, 1972), and Thackara ed. Design After Modernism (Thames and Hudson, 1988, pp. 67–84)., 1965",
   "year": 1965,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Mathematician's Lament",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Lockhart_2002_-_A_Mathematician%27s_Lament.pdf",
   "cite": "Lockhart, 2002",
   "year": 2002,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "A Theory of Human Motivation",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Maslow_1943_-_A_Theory_of_Human_Motivation.pdf",
   "cite": "Maslow, 1943",
   "year": 1943,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Analogy as the Core of Cognition",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hofstadter_2001_-_Analogy_as_the_Core_of_Cognition.pdf",
   "cite": "Hofstadter, 2001",
   "year": 2001,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Before Memex",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Yeo_2007_-_Before_Memex.pdf",
   "cite": "Yeo, 2007",
   "year": 2007,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Cogito ergo sumus",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Latour_1995_-_Cogito_ergo_sumus.pdf",
   "cite": "Latour, 1995",
   "year": 1995,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Collective Mind in Organizations: Heedful Interrelating on Flight Decks",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.2307/2393372",
   "cite": "Weick & Roberts, 1993",
   "year": 1993,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Computer Criticism vs. Technocentric Thinking",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Papert_1990_-_Computer_Criticism_vs._Technocentric_Thinking.pdf",
   "cite": "Papert, 1990",
   "year": 1990,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Counter Culture, Towards a History of Greek Numeracy",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Netz_2002_-_Counter_Culture%2C_Towards_a_History_of_Greek_Numeracy.pdf",
   "cite": "Netz, 2002",
   "year": 2002,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "From Work to Text",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Barthes_1971_-_From_Work_to_Text.pdf",
   "cite": "Barthes, 1971",
   "year": 1971,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "How a Cockpit Remembers Its Speeds",
   "url": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1207/s15516709cog1903_1",
   "cite": "Hutchins, 1995",
   "year": 1995,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Human Problem Solving, The State of the Theory in 1970",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Simon_1970_-_Human_Problem_Solving%2C_The_State_of_the_Theory_in_1970.pdf",
   "cite": "Simon, 1970",
   "year": 1970,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Interview (Lui)",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Arnold_1997_-_Interview_%28Lui%29.pdf",
   "cite": "Arnold, 1997",
   "year": 1997,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Interview (Schleicher)",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Conway_J_2013_-_Interview_%28Schleicher%29.pdf",
   "cite": "Conway J, 2013",
   "year": 2013,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Interview (Tasar)",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hestenes_2012_-_Interview_%28Tasar%29.pdf",
   "cite": "Hestenes, 2012",
   "year": 2012,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Man, A Course of Study",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Bruner_1965_-_Man%2C_A_Course_of_Study.pdf",
   "cite": "Bruner, 1965",
   "year": 1965,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Mathematical Discovery, Hadamard Resurected",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Liljedahl_2004_-_Mathematical_Discovery%2C_Hadamard_Resurected.pdf",
   "cite": "Liljedahl, 2004",
   "year": 2004,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Mathematical Education",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Thurston_1990_-_Mathematical_Education.pdf",
   "cite": "Thurston, 1990",
   "year": 1990,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Mathematics on a Distant Planet",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hamming_1998_-_Mathematics_on_a_Distant_Planet.pdf",
   "cite": "Hamming, 1998",
   "year": 1998,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Modeling Software for learning and doing physics",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hestenes_1995_-_Modeling_Software_for_learning_and_doing_physics.pdf",
   "cite": "Hestenes, 1995",
   "year": 1995,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Notes for a Modeling Theory of Science, Cognition and Instruction",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hestenes_2006_-_Notes_for_a_Modeling_Theory_of_Science%2C_Cognition_and_Instruction.pdf",
   "cite": "Hestenes, 2006",
   "year": 2006,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "On Proof and Progress in Mathematics",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Thurston_1994_-_On_Proof_and_Progress_in_Mathematics.pdf",
   "cite": "Thurston, 1994",
   "year": 1994,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "On Teaching Mathematics",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Arnold_1997_-_On_Teaching_Mathematics.pdf",
   "cite": "Arnold, 1997",
   "year": 1997,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "On the Mechanization of Creative Processes",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Amarel_1966_-_On_the_Mechanization_of_Creative_Processes.pdf",
   "cite": "Amarel, 1966",
   "year": 1966,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Operationalism, An Interpretation of the Philosophy of Ancient Greek Geometry",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Blasjo_2022_-_Operationalism%2C_An_Interpretation_of_the_Philosophy_of_Ancient_Greek_Geometry.pdf",
   "cite": "Blasjo, 2022",
   "year": 2022,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Pretense and Representation",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Leslie_1987_-_Pretense_and_Representation.pdf",
   "cite": "Leslie, 1987",
   "year": 1987,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Representations in Distributed Cognitive Tasks",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Zhang_2004_-_Representations_in_Distributed_Cognitive_Tasks.pdf",
   "cite": "Zhang, 2004",
   "year": 2004,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Resistance by Scientists to Scientific Discovery",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Barber_1961_-_Resistance_by_Scientists_to_Scientific_Discovery.pdf",
   "cite": "Barber, 1961",
   "year": 1961,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Secrets of Genius",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hestenes_1986_-_Secrets_of_Genius.pdf",
   "cite": "Hestenes, 1986",
   "year": 1986,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Six views of embodied cognition",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Wilson_M_2002_-_Six_views_of_embodied_cognition.pdf",
   "cite": "Wilson M, 2002",
   "year": 2002,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Some cognitive tools of literacy",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Egan_2003_-_Some_cognitive_tools_of_literacy.pdf",
   "cite": "Egan, 2003",
   "year": 2003,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Strange Knowledgeability",
   "url": "https://contraptions.venkateshrao.com/p/strange-knowledgeability",
   "cite": "Venkatesh Rao, Contraptions, 2026",
   "year": 2026,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Center of Why",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Kay_2004_-_The_Center_of_Why.pdf",
   "cite": "Kay, 2004",
   "year": 2004,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Consequences of Literacy",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Goody_1963_-_The_Consequences_of_Literacy.pdf",
   "cite": "Goody, 1963",
   "year": 1963,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Mind's Eye, Nonverbal Thought in Technology",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Ferguson_1977_-_The_Mind%27s_Eye%2C_Nonverbal_Thought_in_Technology.pdf",
   "cite": "Ferguson, 1977",
   "year": 1977,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Process of Education",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Bruner_1960_-_The_Process_of_Education.pdf",
   "cite": "Bruner, 1960",
   "year": 1960,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Republic of Science: Its Political and Economic Theory",
   "url": "https://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/students/envs_5100/polanyi_1967.pdf",
   "cite": "Michael Polanyi, Minerva 1:54-74, 1962",
   "year": 1962,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Wigner_1960_-_The_Unreasonable_Effectiveness_of_Mathematics_in_the_Natural_Sciences.pdf",
   "cite": "Wigner, 1960",
   "year": 1960,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Toward a Modeling Theory of Physics Instruction",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Hestenes_1987_-_Toward_a_Modeling_Theory_of_Physics_Instruction.pdf",
   "cite": "Hestenes, 1987",
   "year": 1987,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Visualisation and Cognition",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Latour_1986_-_Visualisation_and_Cognition.pdf",
   "cite": "Latour, 1986",
   "year": 1986,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "What is mathematics",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Devlin_2013_-_What_is_mathematics.pdf",
   "cite": "Devlin, 2013",
   "year": 2013,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "Whats the Big Idea, Toward a Pedagogy of Idea Power",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Papert_2000_-_Whats_the_Big_Idea%2C_Toward_a_Pedagogy_of_Idea_Power.pdf",
   "cite": "Papert, 2000",
   "year": 2000,
   "area": "Science, learning and knowledge"
  },
  {
   "title": "An Investigation of the Therac-25 Accidents",
   "url": "https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1109/MC.1993.274940",
   "cite": "Leveson & Turner, IEEE Computer 26(7), 1993",
   "year": 1993,
   "area": "Systems, logs and failures",
   "syllabus_theme": "IV. Seeing hardness in incidents"
  },
  {
   "title": "Architectural Considerations for a New Generation of Protocols",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Clark_D_1990_-_Architectural_Considerations_for_a_New_Generation_of_Protocols.pdf",
   "cite": "Clark D, 1990",
   "year": 1990,
   "area": "Systems, logs and failures"
  },
  {
   "title": "Distributed Simulation and the Time Warp Operating System",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Jefferson_1987_-_Distributed_Simulation_and_the_Time_Warp_Operating_System.pdf",
   "cite": "Jefferson, 1987",
   "year": 1987,
   "area": "Systems, logs and failures"
  },
  {
   "title": "End-to-End Arguments in System Design",
   "url": "https://web.mit.edu/Saltzer/www/publications/endtoend/endtoend.pdf",
   "cite": "Saltzer, Reed & Clark, ACM TOCS 2(4), 1984",
   "year": 1984,
   "area": "Systems, logs and failures",
   "syllabus_theme": "V. Engineering hardness"
  },
  {
   "title": "External Technical Root Cause Analysis: Channel File 291",
   "url": "https://www.crowdstrike.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Channel-File-291-Incident-Root-Cause-Analysis-08.06.2024.pdf",
   "cite": "CrowdStrike, 2024",
   "year": 2024,
   "area": "Systems, logs and failures",
   "syllabus_theme": "V. Engineering hardness"
  },
  {
   "title": "Hints for Computer System Design",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Lampson_1983_-_Hints_for_Computer_System_Design.pdf",
   "cite": "Lampson, 1983",
   "year": 1983,
   "area": "Systems, logs and failures"
  },
  {
   "title": "RSS 2.0 Specification",
   "url": "https://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification",
   "cite": "RSS Advisory Board, 2003",
   "year": 2003,
   "area": "Systems, logs and failures"
  },
  {
   "title": "Summary of the Amazon S3 Service Disruption in the Northern Virginia (US-EAST-1) Region",
   "url": "https://aws.amazon.com/message/41926/",
   "cite": "Amazon Web Services, 2017",
   "year": 2017,
   "area": "Systems, logs and failures",
   "syllabus_theme": "V. Engineering hardness"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Clark_D_1988_-_The_Design_Philosophy_of_the_DARPA_Internet_Protocols.pdf",
   "cite": "Clark D, 1988",
   "year": 1988,
   "area": "Systems, logs and failures"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Information Bus: An Architecture for Extensible Distributed Systems",
   "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/168619.168624",
   "cite": "Oki, Pfluegl, Siegel & Skeen, 1993",
   "year": 1993,
   "area": "Systems, logs and failures"
  },
  {
   "title": "The Log: What every software engineer should know about real-time data's unifying abstraction",
   "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20201230153448/https://engineering.linkedin.com/distributed-systems/log-what-every-software-engineer-should-know-about-real-time-datas-unifying",
   "cite": "Kreps, 2013",
   "year": 2013,
   "area": "Systems, logs and failures",
   "syllabus_theme": "III. Emissions"
  },
  {
   "title": "Virtual Time",
   "url": "https://worrydream.com/refs/Jefferson_1985_-_Virtual_Time.pdf",
   "cite": "Jefferson, 1985",
   "year": 1985,
   "area": "Systems, logs and failures"
  }
 ]
}
